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# Glossary

Apache Flume

A distributed service for collecting and aggregating data from almost any source into a data store such as HDFS or HBase.

See also Apache HBase; HDFS.

Apache HBase

An open-source, column-oriented database that provides random, read/write access to large amounts of sparse data stored in a CDH cluster. It provides fast lookup of values by key and can perform thousands of insert, update, and delete operations per second.

Apache Hive

An open-source data warehouse in CDH that supports data summarization, ad hoc querying, and data analysis of data stored in HDFS. It uses a SQL-like language called HiveQL. An interpreter generates MapReduce code from the HiveQL queries.

By using Hive, you can avoid writing MapReduce programs in Java.

See also Hive Thrift; MapReduce.

Apache Sentry

Integrates with the Hive and Impala SQL-query engines to provide fine-grained authorization to data and metadata stored in Hadoop.

Apache Solr

Provides an enterprise search platform that includes full-text search, faceted search, geospatial search, and hit highlighting.

Apache Spark

A fast engine for processing large-scale data. It supports Java, Scala, and Python applications. Because it provides primitives for in-memory cluster computing, it is particularly suited to machine-learning algorithms. It promises performance up to 100 times faster than MapReduce.

Apache Sqoop

A command-line tool that imports and exports data between HDFS or Hive and structured databases. The name Sqoop comes from "SQL to Hadoop." Oracle R Advanced Analytics for Hadoop uses the Sqoop executable to move data between HDFS and Oracle Database.

Apache YARN

An updated version of MapReduce, also called MapReduce 2. The acronym stands for Yet Another Resource Negotiator.

ASR

Oracle Auto Service Request, a software tool that monitors the health of the hardware and automatically generates a service request if it detects a problem.

See also OASM.

Balancer

A service that ensures that all nodes in the cluster store about the same amount of data, within a set range. Data is balanced over the nodes in the cluster, not over the disks in a node.

CDH

Cloudera's Distribution including Apache Hadoop, the version of Apache Hadoop and related components installed on Oracle Big Data Appliance.

Cloudera Hue

Hadoop User Experience, a web user interface in CDH that includes several applications, including a file browser for HDFS, a job browser, an account management tool, a MapReduce job designer, and Hive wizards. Cloudera Manager runs on Hue.

See also HDFS; Apache Hive.

Cloudera Impala

A massively parallel processing query engine that delivers better performance for SQL queries against data in HDFS and HBase, without moving or transforming the data.

Cloudera Manager

Cloudera Manager enables you to monitor, diagnose, and manage CDH services in a cluster.

The Cloudera Manager agents on Oracle Big Data Appliance also provide information to Oracle Enterprise Manager, which you can use to monitor both software and hardware.

Cloudera Navigator

Verifies access privileges and audits access to data stored in Hadoop, including Hive metadata and HDFS data accessed through HDFS, Hive, or HBase.

Cloudera Search

Provides search and navigation tools for data stored in Hadoop. Based on Apache Solr.

Cloudera's Distribution including Apache Hadoop (CDH)

See CDH.

cluster

A group of servers on a network that are configured to work together. A server is either a master node or a worker node.

All servers in an Oracle Big Data Appliance rack form a cluster. Servers 1, 2, and 3 are master nodes. Servers 4 to 18 are worker nodes.

See Hadoop.

DataNode

A server in a CDH cluster that stores data in HDFS. A DataNode performs file system operations assigned by the NameNode.

See also HDFS; NameNode.

Flume

See Apache Flume.

Hadoop

A batch processing infrastructure that stores files and distributes work across a group of servers. Oracle Big Data Appliance uses Cloudera's Distribution including Apache Hadoop (CDH).

Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)

See HDFS.

Hadoop User Experience (Hue)

See Cloudera Hue.

HBase

See Apache HBase.

HDFS

Hadoop Distributed File System, an open-source file system designed to store extremely large data files (megabytes to petabytes) with streaming data access patterns. HDFS splits these files into data blocks and distributes the blocks across a CDH cluster.

When a data set is larger than the storage capacity of a single computer, then it must be partitioned across several computers. A distributed file system can manage the storage of a data set across a network of computers.

See also cluster.

Hive

See Apache Hive.

Hive Thrift

A remote procedure call (RPC) interface for remote access to CDH for Hive queries.

See also CDH; Apache Hive.

HiveQL

A SQL-like query language used by Hive.

See also Apache Hive.

HotSpot

A Java Virtual Machine (JVM) that is maintained and distributed by Oracle. It automatically optimizes code that executes frequently, leading to high performance. HotSpot is the standard JVM for the other components of the Oracle Big Data Appliance stack.

Hue

See Cloudera Hue.

Impala

See Cloudera Impala.

Java HotSpot Virtual Machine

See HotSpot.

JobTracker

A service that assigns tasks to specific nodes in the CDH cluster, preferably those nodes storing the data. MRv1 only.

See also Hadoop; MapReduce.

Kerberos

A network authentication protocol that helps prevent malicious impersonation. It was developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

Mahout

Apache Mahout is a machine learning library that includes core algorithms for clustering, classification, and batch-based collaborative filtering.

MapReduce

A parallel programming model for processing data on a distributed system. Two versions of MapReduce are available, MapReduce 1 and YARN (MapReduce 2). The default version on Oracle Big Data Appliance 3.0 and later is YARN.

A MapReduce program contains these functions:

- Mappers: Process the records of the data set.

- Reducers: Merge the output from several mappers.

- Combiners: Optimizes the result sets from the mappers before sending them to the reducers (optional and not supported by all applications).

See also Apache YARN.

MySQL Database

A SQL-based relational database management system. Cloudera Manager, Oracle Data Integrator, Hive, and Oozie use MySQL Database as a metadata repository on Oracle Big Data Appliance.

NameNode

A service that maintains a directory of all files in HDFS and tracks where data is stored in the CDH cluster.

See also HDFS.

Navigator

See Cloudera Navigator.

node

A server in a CDH cluster.

See also cluster.

NodeManager

A service that runs on each node and executes the tasks assigned to it by the ResourceManager. YARN only.

See also ResourceManager; YARN.

NoSQL Database

See Oracle NoSQL Database.

OASM

Oracle Automated Service Manager, a service for monitoring the health of Oracle Sun hardware systems. Formerly named Sun Automatic Service Manager (SASM).

Oozie

An open-source workflow and coordination service for managing data processing jobs in CDH.

Oracle Database Instant Client

A small-footprint client that enables Oracle applications to run without a standard Oracle Database client.

Oracle Linux

An open-source operating system. Oracle Linux 5.6 is the same version used by Exalogic 1.1. It features the Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel.

Oracle NoSQL Database

A distributed key-value database that supports fast querying of the data, typically by key lookup.

Oracle R Distribution

An Oracle-supported distribution of the R open-source language and environment for statistical analysis and graphing.

Oracle R Enterprise

A component of the Oracle Advanced Analytics Option. It enables R users to run R commands and scripts for statistical and graphical analyses on data stored in an Oracle database.

Pig

An open-source platform for analyzing large data sets that consists of the following:

- Pig Latin scripting language

- Pig interpreter that converts Pig Latin scripts into MapReduce jobs

Pig runs as a client application.

See also MapReduce.

Puppet

A configuration management tool for deploying and configuring software components across a cluster. The Oracle Big Data Appliance initial software installation uses Puppet.

The Puppet tool consists of these components: puppet agents, typically just called puppets; the puppet master server; a console; and a cloud provisioner.

See also puppet agent; puppet master.

puppet agent

A service that primarily pulls configurations from the puppet master and applies them. Puppet agents run on every server in Oracle Big Data Appliance.

See also Puppet; puppet master

puppet master

A service that primarily serves configurations to the puppet agents.

See also Puppet; puppet agent.

ResourceManager

A service that assigns tasks to specific nodes in the CDH cluster, preferably those nodes storing the data. YARN only.

See also Hadoop; YARN.

Search

See Cloudera Search.

Sentry

See Apache Sentry.

Solr

See Apache Solr.

Spark

See Apache Spark.

Sqoop

See Apache Sqoop.

table

In Hive, all files in a directory stored in HDFS.

See also HDFS.

TaskTracker

A service that runs on each node and executes the tasks assigned to it by the JobTracker service. MRv1 only.

See also JobTracker.

Whirr

Apache Whirr is a set of libraries for running cloud services.

YARN

See Apache YARN.

ZooKeeper

A MapReduce 1 centralized coordination service for CDH distributed processes that maintains configuration information and naming, and provides distributed synchronization and group services.